Independent evidence

Ruiz Ruiz, a graduate student at MIT who is the lead author of the second paper, has analyzed a series of experiments that were carried out at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. These experiments provided direct evidence of electron-scale turbulence, which lends credence to the new simulations.

The findings demonstrate that the electron-scale turbulence is a general phenomenon and not unique to any particular reactor design, and they provide clear, independent evidence that it does indeed play a significant role.

This is due to the fact that the Alcator C-Mod tokamak reactor at MIT served as the basis for Howard’s simulations, whereas the National Spherical Torus Experiment, a completely different type of reactor, produced Ruiz Ruiz’s findings.