Resistance is futile

Because they don’t have any electrical resistance, superconductors allow electrons to move through them completely unhindered.Indeed, even the best standard channels — like the copper wires in telephone lines or traditional micro processors — have some obstruction;To get around it, you need operational voltages much higher than what a superconductor can use to create current.

Even after electrons begin to move through a normal conductor, they continue to occasionally collide with its atoms, releasing energy in the form of heat.Superconductors are ordinary materials that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, dampening the atoms’ vibrations and allowing electrons to fly by without colliding.

Niobium nitride superconducting circuits, which operate at 16 Kelvin, or minus 257 degrees Celsius, are the primary focus of Berggren’s laboratory.That is reachable with fluid helium, which, in a superconducting chip, would presumably flow through an arrangement of lines inside a protected lodging, similar to Freon in a fridge.