Philosophy

The study of the “practice of designing and creating artifacts” and the “nature of the things so created” is the focus of the philosophy of technology subfield.The humanities philosophy of technology is concerned with the “meaning of technology for, and its impact on, society and culture.”[71] At first, technology was viewed as an extension of the human organism that replicated or amplified bodily and mental faculties.

[72] Marx framed technology as a tool used by capitalists to oppress the proletariat, but believed technology would be a fundamentally liberating force once it was “freed from societal deformations.”[8]Later, Second-Wave philosophers like Ortega turned their attention away from politics and economics and toward “daily life and living in a techno-material culture.” They argued that technology had the power to oppress “even the members of the bourgeoisie who were its ostensible masters and possessors.”Don Ihde and Albert Borgmann, philosophers of the third stage, took a turn toward de-generalization and empiricism and looked at how humans can learn to live with technology.[8] Early research on technology was divided between two points of view:innovative determinism, and social development.The idea that new technologies will unavoidably alter society is known as technological determinism.

[73]95 It usually includes the related argument of technological autonomy, which says that technological progress happens naturally and can’t be stopped.[74] Social constructivists, on the other hand, say that technologies change because of cultural values, laws, politics, and economic incentives.Present day grant has moved towards an examination of sociotechnical frameworks, “arrays of things, individuals, practices, and implications”, taking a gander at the worth decisions that shape technology.[73]